Tickets
If you use single tickets, they work for a one-way trip. You put the ticket in the turnstile, and it comes out again on top. Keep your ticket, because it is a transfer for taking the bus after the metro, or the metro after the bus. It is also proof that you paid.
OPUS Card
If you are under 26 years old (or over 65) and a full-time student, you can get a special OPUS card to get cheaper monthly passes for the bus and metro in Montreal.
At your orientation, the program coordinator will give you a special letter from McGill that lets you get a special photo-ID OPUS card from the STM Photo Studio, at 1717 Berri Street, at the Berri-UQAM metro station. The card costs $15, but you save a lot for monthly passes.
Suburbs
Information about the bus service in Laval: Laval STL.
For bus service on the South Shore:
Longueuil RTL